روهتاس

This fort was founded in a cleft and the strength of it cannot be imagined

د روهتاس كلا د جهلم ولسوالۍ يوه تاريخي كلا ده، چې د دينه له ښارګوټي سوېل په اووه كيلومترۍ كې پرته ده. دا كلا د ګهان او كس سيندونو په څنګ اړخ كې جوړه شوې ده. د روهتاس د كلا ډبره د ځمكې له كچې درې فوټه پورته پرته ده. دا كلا د افغان روڼ اندي او پوه واكمن شېر شاه سوري د واكمنۍ يو اريانوونكې او نادره نمونه ده، چې د څلور سوه كلونو په تېرېدو سره، سره يې هم خپل تېر تاريخ او برم ساتلې دى. ددې كلا دروازې د دومره مودې په تېرېدو سره له ماتېدو او يو څه خراپېدو سره بيا هم تردې دمه خپل شتون ساتلې او د سلګونو سېلانيانو نومونه يې په خپل ځان رېكارډ كړې دي. كه څه هم ددې كلا د جوړوونكو نومونه پرې نشته خو د الله جل جلاله او محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم سپېڅلي نومونه پرې كيندل شوې دي. ددې كلا د اوبو ذخيرې چې په ځايي ژبه ورته باولي وايي د تعمير د فن يوه نادره نمونه ده. دلته يو تاريخي ابهام هم پيدا كېږي، چې د كلا په جوړښت كې ټول مواد له ځايي ډبرو او سېمېنټو څخه ګټه اخيستل شوې. مګر په باولۍ كې د كارول شويو پخو خښتو دا ابهام راپيدا كړې، چې د اندركوټ په باولۍ د كلا په بنسټونو جوړه شوې ده، چې لدې څخه دا په زبات رسي چې دا باولۍ د كلا له جوړښت څخه مخكې جوړې شوې وى. مګر د خښتو كارولو څخه داسې ښكاري چې باولۍ دې له كلا څخه وروسته جوړه شوې وي. په كوم ځاى چې دا كلا ودانه ده، دلته په پخوا وختو كې د منډي په نامه يوه لرغوندې ابادي وه.

د روهتاس د ويى مانا او د كلا نومول

د روهتاس كلا د افغان واكمن شېرشاه سوري لخوا د يو لښكركوټ په څېر د هند د بهار د روهتاسګړ په نقشه جوړه شوې ده. دا كلا نږدې څلور كيلومتر مربع سيمه رانيولې، چې د پښتون او هندو د ودانۍ جوړونې فن پكې په ښه ډول انځور شوې.

د روهتاس د مانا په اړه ډول، ډول نظريات دي، څوك وايي چې د هوار غريزه ډګر په مانا دى، څوك وايي چې د سپينې هګۍ په مانا دى. لكه څرنګه چې دا كلا هم د هګۍ په څېر بېضوي شكل لري، او د جوړښت څخه وروسته د سپين رنګ لرونكې وه. نو لدې وجې دا كلا له سپينې هګۍ سره تشبېه كوي. مګر دا خبره يقيني ده، چې ددې كلا نوم د هند د بهار ايالت د روهتاس ګړ د كلا په نامه اېښودل شوې. دا كلا د بهار د ايالت په دننه كې وه، او ددې كلا دننه نږدې دوه سوه تالابونه او ډنډونه ول. او څو چينې هم وې. او د مساحت له مخې دا كلا د جهلم روهتاس كلا څخه څو ځلې ستره وه.

د روهتاس كلا د نومونې كيسه داسې ده، چې كله شېر شاه سوري د هند د بهار ايالت مشهوره كلا روهتاسګړ له هري كرېشن راى څخه په ۱۵۳۹ز كال ونيوله، نو په همدې نامه يې د جهلم ولسوالۍ كې يوه كلا بنسټ ډبره كېښوده او په لنډه موده كې يې بشپړه كړه.

د بهار ايالت روهتاس كلا د هارېش چندرا (د لمر د ټبر څخه و) او ده خپل زوى په روهتاساوا په نامه ياد كړ، چې د وخت په تېرېدو سره ددې كلا نوم په روهتاس ګړ بدل شو.

د بهار ايالت د كلا په اړه (د مسلمانو شخصياتو انسايكلوپېډيا) كې داسې ليكلي:

(د سختو لوړو غرونو پر سر دا كلا پر څوارلس كوس سيمه ولاړه ده. دننه يې څومره چينې راخوټېږي، كركيله پكې كېږي، په برسات موسم كې دوه سوه تالابونه د جامونو په څېر له اوبو ډك وي، ځړوبي د جنت او فردوس په څېر ښكاري) [د مسلمانو شخصياتو نسايكلوپېډيا ۲۳ مخ] د روهتاس يوه مانا دا هم وه، چې (د رود پر غاړه ابادي). داسې روايت هم شته چې دا كلا د يوې راڼي (ورهت) په نامه نومول شوې ده. دا كلا لدې وجې هم د اهميت او ځانګړې پام وړ ده، چې دا كلا د هغه خوړ پر غاړه جوړه شوې كومه چې سكندر اعظم ترې تېر شوې و او خپلې بېړۍ يې همدلته پرېښې وى.

د جوړونې علت

شېر شاه سوري دا كلا پس له هغې جوړه كړه، كله چې يې د هند مغولي واكمن همايون ته په قنوج كې سخته ماتې وركړه. دا كلا د پاكستان په زوړ جي ټي لوى لارې په څنګ كې پرته ده. ددې كلا دا ښه والې و چې چا به هم د مركزي اسيا يا پارس له لورې په هند بريد كاوه، نو دلته به يې مخه نيول كېده. ......

موقعيت

د روهتاس كلا له جهلم څخه ۱۶ كيلو متره شمال لوديځ اړخ، او ۷ كيلو متره له دينه ښارګوټي څخه لرې پرته ده. دا كلا په يوه غريزه سيمه كې جوړه شوې، چې ددې كلا ټول منځ د غزه ډبرې پوښلې. دا كلا د سمندر له كچې څخه ۸۱۸ متره پورته پرته ده، او د ۱۲.۶۳ اېكړه ځمكه يې رانيولې ده.

د جوړښت لرليد

د روهتاس كلا د يوه لښكركوټ په څېر جوړ كړاى شوې ؤ، چې نږدې ۳۰،۰۰۰ پورې پوځيان پكې ځاي پرځاى كېدل. دا كلا له خپل سوق الجېشي موقېعيت، سترو دېوالونو، ډبرينو ورونو او درې دړې لرونكې ورونو د هغو كلابنديو په مقابل كې په ټينګه مقاومت كاوه، چې د بهرنيو ښكېلاكي ځواكونو لخوا به ددى ځاى نيول په نيت راتلل.

ددې كلا زياتره برخې د (اشلر) له ډبرو څخه چې په شاوخوا كلو كې وى، راټولې او جوړه شوې ده. او ځينې برخې يې له پخو خكښتو څخه جوړه ده.

د هغه غريزه سيمې له وجې چې دا كلا پرې ودانه شوې، ددې كلا ټاكلې بڼۀ يې خرابه كړې، يانې د غرونو له لوړو ژورو څخه د كلا جوړښت هم اغيزمن شوې او د غره له تاوېدو سره كلا هم راتاوه شوې، او د هغې په اوږدېدو سره كلا هم اوږده كړاى شوې.

دا كلا شاوخوا څلور (۴) كيلو متره مربع سيمه په دربر كې نيسي. ۵۳۳ متره اوږد دېوال دا نېامي كلا له ددې كلا له نورو برخو څخه بېلوي.

ددې كلا څوكۍ په ناسم ډول بېنږدې ۶۸ برجونه لري. له درې باوليو څخه يوه يې په نظامي كلا كې ده، او پاتې نورې يې د كلا په نورو برخو كې دي.

ددې كلا يو ور (لنګر خاني ور) د نظامي كلا پر لور ورپرانيستل كېږي، ځكه چې دا ور په مستقيم ډول د جنګ ډګر ته مخامخ دى.

د کلا جوړونې ټولټال خرڅ

د روهتاس کلا جوړېدنه د شیر شاه سوري د وزیر ټوډر مېل کاتري تر نظر لاندې په ۱۵۴۱ز کال پیل شوه. د ګکړ ولس (د روهتاس اوسېدونکي) ددې لپاره د کلا په جوړونه کې له ګډون څخه سر وغړاوه او کاریګرو یې پرېکون وکړ، ځکه چې دا کلا د هغوي په زمکه جوړېده. ټودر مېل سمدلاسه شېرشاه سوري له دې ستونزې څخه خبر کړ، هغه ورته په لیک کې داسې ځواب ورکړ: زه تا د یو سوداګر سړي په توګه پېژنم، ځکه چې تا پېسې خپلې ملګرې ګرځولي. کله چې ما درته امر وکړ، چې یو کار وکړه، ته باید د بیې په جوړولو کې د پیسو پروا ونکړې. هرڅومره خرڅ چې راځي، زما دولت به یې په غاړه اخلي. ددې ځواب د ترلاسه کولو سره سم، ټوډرمېل په لومړۍ ورځ د یوې ډبرې په راوړلو یوه اشرفۍ ( د وخت پیسه) وټاکله. د وخت په تېرېدو سره دا بیه یوې پاولۍ یا بهلولي ته راوغورځېد. د ګکړو د کاربندیز له وجې د ودانۍ خرڅ دېر لوړ شو. په لاندې توګه یو څو ضد و نقیض اټکلونه شوي دی: واقعاتې جهانګیري وایی، چې ددې کلا ودانولو باندې ۳۴۲۵۰۰۰ اشرفۍ خرڅ راغلې و. دا اټکل د هغې کیندل شوې ډبرې له مخې شوې، کومه چې د شیشي ور په لګېدلې. د ګکړو د کاربندیز له وجې د ودانۍ خرڅ دېر لوړ شو. په لاندې توګه یو څو ضد و نقیض اټکلونه شوي دی: واقعاتې جهانګیري وایی، چې ددې کلا ودانولو باندې ۳۴۲۵۰۰۰ اشرفۍ خرڅ راغلې و. دا اټکل د هغې کیندل شوې ډبرې له مخې شوې، کومه چې د شیشي ور په لګېدلې. ټوله بیه ۱۶۱۰۰۰۰۰۰ یا داسې څه، چې له ۳۴۲۵۰۰۰ هندوستاني روپۍ، ۱۲۰۰۰۰ پارسي تومنو سره برابر، یا ۱۱۲۷۵۰۰۰ توریاني خانېسې. د داوودي تاریخ له مخې ددې کلا ټولټال خرڅ ۸۰۵۰۵۰۰۲ بهلولۍ شوې و.

د څوكۍ دېوال

د بهرني ديوال لوړوالې نږدې ۱۰ څخه تر ۱۸ مترو پورې دى. ددې دېوال ډبلوالې له ۱۰ څخه تر ۱۳ مترو پورې دى. دا ديوالونه ځاى پر ځاى ۲ يا ۳ تاخچه ډوله لارې لري. د موري ور ترڅنګ ددې تاخچو ډبلوالې تر ۱۳ مترو پورې رسي. دا تاخچې د پوړيو په وسله له يو بل سره نښتې دي.

د كلا ورونه

The Rohtas Fort has the following 12 gates. All of them are built in ashlar stone.

د سهيل ور

This gate is the best example of masonry in use in the time of Sher Shah. It derives its name from a Saint names Sohail Bukhari buried in the south-western bastion of the gate. Others say that it was names after the Sohail Star which rises on this side of the fort.

It is a double gate rectangular in shape. It is 21.34 meters (70 feet) high, 20.73 meters (68 feet) wide and 15 meters (50 feet) deep. The central archway is 4.72 meters (15 feet) wide. It has an inner and an outer arch which is decorated with beautiful and simple motifs of sunflower. This decoration is repeated in all parts of the Qila.

There are balconies on either side of the central arch. These balconies have a small dome and their sides and bottom are also decorated. Unlike other parts of the Qila which has been built in Afghan-Persian style, the balcony is an example of Hindu architecture. These same balconies can be seen in Haveli Man Singh. There is a small window in the middle of the outer arch. This window is different from the two balconies to either side of the outer arch. It is much simpler that these two balconies.

There are seven merlons on this gate. The bastions are with battlements which have loopholes. These bastions have three levels on the inside. These can be seen if one zooms in the Sohail Gate picture.

The inner side of the gate mirrors the outside but has less decoration. There are no battlements towards the inside and no balconies either. The rooms in the upper storey of this gate have windows that open towards the inside of the Qila. Like the outer arch there is a small window in the middle of the inner arch. The gate now houses a Visitors information center and a Museum set up by the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation.

د شاه جاندولي ور

This gate links the citadel to the main fort. It is named after a Saint شاه چاندولي who refused to get his wages for working on this gate. The saint died while still on work and was buried near the gate. His shrine still stands to this day.

This gate is also a double gate. The outer gate, the entrance of which is from the citadel is 13.3 meters wide and 8.23 meters deep. The inner gate is a simple archway which is 3.66 meters wide.

د كابلۍ ور

This gate opens to the west and is named “Kabuli” because it faces Kabul. It is a double gate and its opening is 3.15 meters (10 feet) wide. It has two bastions on each side. The gate has 5 battlements on top and has stairs leading up to it from the outside. On the southern side of the gate is the Shahi (Royal) Mosque because of which many people also call it Shahi (Royal) Darwaza (Gate or Door). There is a Baoli near this gate.

شيشي ور

The gate derives its name from the beautiful glazed tiles used to decorate its outer arch. These tiles are the earliest examples of this technique which was later refined in Lahore. These tiles are blue in color.

An inscription on the left side of the gate gives the date of construction of the fort. The inscription is in Persian and is translated as follows

In the Hijri Year 948 came the exalted
At that time constructed the great fort
The emperor is Sher, with long life
There is no match to his good fortune
It was completed by Shahu Sultan

The Hijri year 948 is 1541 AD.

لنګرخاني ور

It is a double gate 15.25 meters (50 feet) high, 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) wide with a central arched opening. The oouter arch has a small window like the Sohail Gate. The outer opening leads to a Langar Khana (Mess or Canteen).

There are two bastions on either side of the gate which have kitchen, stores and a well for water. The opening of this gate is L shaped. As soon as one enters from the outer gate one has to turn right.

طلاقي ور

This gate is 15.25 meter high and 13.8 meter wide with two bastions on either side. This gates name derives from “Talaq” (divorce). According to a legend, Prince Sabir Suri entered the gate and had an attack of fever which proved fatal. This was regarded as a bad omen and the name became “Talaqi”.

موري يا كشمېري ور

The gate opens to the north and faces Kashmir. This gate opens into one chamber which opens into another.

خواص خاني ور

This gate is named after one of Sher Shah Suri’s greatest general, Khwas Khan. This was the original entrance to the Qila (Fort) because outside the gate lies the old GT Road.

It is a double gate. The outer gate is 12.8 meter wide (42 feet) and 8 meter (26 feet) deep. This gate has a bastion and a defensive wall on each side. On the bastions canons could be deployed. The inner and outer gates are almost mirror images of each other. The top of the gate has five battlements. All of these have loopholes as well as machicolation. Unlike other gates of this Qila, the inner side of the gate has five battlements.

The inner and outer arches have sunflower motifs like the Sohail Gate. The gate also has a room which has windows opening to the inside and the outside.

It is pertinent to mention here that when the Gakhars refused their allegiance to Sher Shah Suri, he launched an expedition to punish them. This resulted in the capture of the Gakhar chief Sarang Khan and his daughter. Sarang Khan was then killed. His daughter was then married to Sher Shah’s favourite general Khwas Khan.

Gatali Gate

It is a single gate 9.15 meter high and 6.1 meter deep. This gate faces to the village Gatali Ford(ravine) which is called also Patan Gatiali or Gatiyalian, the important point to cross the River Jhelum for the Kashmir Vally, thus the name.

تولا موري ور

This is an entrance rather than a gate. It is on the eastern side of the fort. It is about 2 meters wide. There is a bastion next to this entrance.

پيپل والا ور

This is a small entrance like the Tulla Mori Gate. It is 2.13 meter wide.

د سر ور

This is a small entrance. There is a bastion next to this gate. There is a Baoli next to this gate. It is called “Sar” because “Sar” means water.

نورې ودانۍ

شاهي مسجد

This small mosque is near the Kabuli gate. It has a prayer chamber and a small courtyard. It is the most decorated of the original buildings of the fort. To be ever ready in case of attack, stairs lead directly from the courtyard of this mosque to the top of Kabuli Gate.

The prayer chamber is 19.2 meter long and 7.3 meter deep. It is divided into 3 equal chambers. There are domes from the inside but from the outside no domes can be seen. There is a small room at the end of these three chambers. This room was for the Pesh Imam (Prayer Leader). This room has a small domed roof from the inside but no outer dome. There is no place for ablution(cleaning up before prayers) in the mosque. This mosque is built into the fortification wall i.e. soldiers walked over the mosque's roof. The outer wall of the mosque is the fortification wall itself.

On the outer wall of the mosque are beautiful round designs in which Islamic verses are written in Naqsh script. These verses are surrounded by a Lilly going around the Naqsh script. The Lilly design was later used by Mughals in Tomb of Jahangir, Tomb of Nur Jehan and the Shah Burj Gate in Lahore Fort. The design seems to have been copied from the coins used in that time.

باوليان

There are 3 Baolis in the fort. These were made by cutting deep into the lime rock. They are

اصلي باولی

It is in the middle of the Fort for soldiers, elephants, horses etc. This Baoli has 148 steps. Each step is 20 cm (8 inches) wide. The upper portion has been cut in stone. It has three arches that span the length of the baoli.

شاهي باولی

It is near the Kabuli Gate for the Royal family. It has 60 steps and has small chambers that were used as baths by the Royal family.

Sar Gate Baoli

A small Baoli near the Sar Gate, most likely used by soldiers.

Haveli Man Singh

This is not an original structure of the fort. It was built by a general of Akbar, Raja Man Singh I of Amber. He died in 1614 so it must have been built between 1550 and 1614. It is a 2 storey building constructed with bricks and plastered neatly. Architecturally it bears no resemblance to the Qila Rohtas. A part of the structure has fallen away. There seems to have been 4 rooms out of which only one exists now.

The existing room is 5.5 meters square and there are balconies on the outside of it. These balconies are similar to the one outside Sohail Gate. One could see the whole fort from these balconies.

Unlike Qila Rohtas which is an example of Afghan architecture, this Haveli is an example of pure Hindu architecture.

راني محل

The Rani Mahal (Queens palace) is near Haveli Man Singh. It is a one storey structure. It originally had four rooms but only room remains standing today. The foundation of the four rooms can still be seen today.

It is not an original part of the fort and is an example of Hindu architecture and built around the same time as the Haveli Man Singh.

The room still standing today is about 20 feet high and beautifully decorated on the inside and outside. The roof of the dome like room is like a flower. The inside of the roof is decorated with flowers, geometrical patterns and fake windows. The room is about 8 feet by 8 feet.

Decorative features

This fort is an example of purely “Masculine” architecture. It places function over form. This can be gauged from the fact that the fort originally had no permanent building for living.

Stone carvings

These carvings are found on the gate and in the mosque. Most of these are engravings in Arabic and sunflowers.

One of these carvings is inside the Shahi Mosque outside the Pesh Imam's (Prayer leaders) room. The carving is of the word "Allah" (God) in Arabic. The same carving is also done on merlons on top of Shahi Mosque.

The sunflower motif is on each sides of the arches of Shahi Mosque. It is also present in the guard post in between each gate.

Calligraphic inscriptions

Most of these inscriptions are on the Shahi Mosque. On the outer wall of the mosque the “Kalima” is written in beautiful calligraphy on both sides of each arch of the Shahi Mosque. The Naskh script is used.

There is an inscription in Persian on the Shishi gate which gives the date of start of construction. The same inscription is also found over the Talaqi gate.

There are other inscriptions on the Khwas Khani, Langar Khani and Gatali gate.

Glazed tiles

These tiles are found on Shishi gate. This type of tile became extremely popular with the Mughals who further refined them. The tiles on Shishi gate are the earliest example of the usage of these tiles. These tiles were made in Lahore.

Plaster

Plaster has been used in the Shahi Mosque.

Machicolations

Machicolations are small drains that lead from the inside to the walls outside. They are built into the walls and are used by the soldiers on the inside to pour molten lead or other hot liquids on soldiers trying to scale the walls.

The Rohtas fort has hundreds of them and each one is beautifully decorated with geometric patterns. The pictures is of a machicolation near the Langar Khana (Mess Hall).

Architectural style

This fort was built in the Afghan-Persian architectural style. Afghans and Persians Kings had been coming to the Indian subcontinent for at least 5 centuries before the construction of this fort. Before the construction of this fort, the combination of these styles had not been harmonious. Qila Rohtas is the earliest example of the successful mixing of these two styles with the Afghan style being more prominent.

The elements of Hindu architecture are

  1. Balconies on Sohail Gate.
  2. Decorations on Shahi Mosque derived from Hindu architecture.
  3. Haveli Man Singh (Pure Hindu architecture)

The elements of Afghan architecture are

  1. Utilitarian construction.
  2. Use of stone instead of bricks in building wall.
  3. No living quarters.
  4. Comparatively less decoration

کارونې

Sher Shah Suri died before the completion of this magnificent structure. Ten years after Sher Shah’s death and the end of the Suri dynasty, Emperor Humayun returned to rule India for another 15 years.

When Humayun returned the Governor of Rohtas, Tatar Khan Kasi fled.

This fort was never popular with the Mughals because of its military character. Emperor Akbar stayed here for a single night. Emperor Jahangir rested here for a single night while going to Kashmir for some R&R. He said the following about its location

This fort was founded in a cleft and the strength of it cannot be imagined

Emperor Jahangir again stayed here when he was being forced to go to Kabul by Mahabat Khan. Nur Jahan, his beautiful and resourceful wife obtained troops from Lahore and ordered Mahabat Khan to release her husband. Emperor Jahangir then proceeded to Rohtas and held his court here for a while. Then he went onto Kashmir and back to Lahore to die.

The later Mughals seem to have made no use of the fort. The reason is that they were allies of the Gakhars and consequently needed no troops to maintain their hold over this area.

The Durranis Pukhtuns knew the importance because they were enemies of the Gakhars kept not only a garrison here but also their Governor here. They used this fort to keep communication with their capital Kabul open.

The Sikhs held power after the Durranis, Maharaja Ranjit Singh was in camp here when he heard the news that his greatest general Hari Singh Nalwa had been killed at Jamrud by the Pukhtuns under the leadership of Wazir Akbar Khan a son of the great Amir Dost Mohammad Khan. The Kabul suburb of Mina Akbar Khan is named to honour the memory of this great Afghan general.

The Maharaja gave the fort to Sardar Mohar Singh who was succeeded by Gurmukh Singh. It was subsequently leased to different people and the last people to manage Rohtas was Raja Fazal Din Khan who joined Sher Singh in rebellion.

Architectural legacy

Here is what the World Heritage list (Document 586) says on page 2 of the report (see references)

Rohtas Fort is an outstanding example of early Muslim military architecture in the Indian subcontinent which incorporates features from elsewhere in the Islamic world. It also had a profound influence on the development of architectural styles in the Mughal Empire (and hence on the European colonial architecture that made abundant use of that tradition).

It is also outstanding by virtue of the refinement and high artistic value of its decorative elements, notably its high- and low-relief carvings, its calligraphic inscriptions in marble and sandstone, its plaster decoration, and its glazed tiles.

And

There are no surviving examples of military architecture of this period on the same scale in the sub-continent which survive to the same degree of completeness and conservation. Fatehpur Sikri (India) which is already on the World Heritage List represents the full Mughal realization of a form and style that owes everything to its precursor, Rohtas Fort.

The recommendation by ICOMOS (the organization that makes the World Heritage list) made the following recommendation

Rohtas Fort is an exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of central and South Asia, which blends architectural and artistic traditions from Turkey and the Indian sub-continent to create the model for Mughal architecture and its subsequent refinements and adaptations.

اوسينی حال

Most of the fort is in a very good state of preservation. In the portions that have fallen away (Haveli Man Singh) one can still see some part of the original construction.

The central archway of the Chandwali Gate has been rebuilt recently so that is the only “fake” part of the fort.

In early 2005, seepage, heavy rains, and general neglect caused the left inner face of the Talaqi Gate to collapse, and the right flank and foundation to become detached from the original structure.

The Gatali Gate forms one of the original entrances to Rohtas. Over time, its right bastion and supporting wall have collapsed as a result of permeated rainwater and the erosion of its foundations.

نړېوال ميراثي ځای

Qila Rohtas was designated a World Heritage Site in 1997. Here is what the World Heritage list (Document 586) says on page 3 of the report (see references)

That this property be inscribed on the World Heritage List on the basis of criteria II and IV:

Rohtas Fort is an exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of central and South Asia, which blends architectural and artistic traditions from Turkey and the Indian sub-continent to create the model for Mughal architecture and its subsequent refinements and adaptations.

د هماليا د ځنګلي ژوند بنسټ

The Rohtas Fort Conservation Programme was conceived by the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation in 2000 to help protect the sixteenth-century Rohtas Fort near Jhelum, and develop it as a heritage site conforming to international standards of conservation and tourism. It is undertaking the following projects in conjunction with the Royal Norwegian Embassy.

  1. Complete restoration of Shah Chandwali Gate
  2. Conservation of Haveli Man Singh
  3. Conservation of Talaqi Gate and Gatali Gate
  4. Establishment of Sher Shah Suri Museum in upper storey of Sohail Gate
  5. Improvement of quality of life in Rohtas Fort village

د تاريخي ارزښت لرونکي نژدې ځايونه

Outside the Langar Khani Gate is the tomb of a lady called Khair Un Nisa. She was the daughter of the food minister named Qadir Bukhsh. She dies here and was buried in this tomb but she was later moved to Sasaram.

Until the construction of the new Grand Trunk Road, Rohtas was a halting place on the main Peshawar-Lahore road. This road had serais about a mile apart. One of these is about one mile north of the Rohtas Fort. It is in a fair state of preservation.

څنګه يې ليدنه کولای شو

له اسلام آباد نه

The dual-carriage Grand Trunk Road takes you past Gujar Khan and Sohawa, to the small town of Dina 130 km away. Just past Dina you will drive over a railway overpass, stay to the right of the road and take the first U-turn to drive back towards Dina. After about 100 meters to your left you will find a signpost, which indicates the way towards the road leading to Rohtas Fort which is 8 km away, past the small village of Muftian. Drive on the road to enter into the fort and keep driving till you reach the parking area.

له لاهور نه

Drive on G.T road past Gujranwala, Wazirabad and the city of Jhelum. About 10 minutes drive beyond the Jhelum bridge just short of the city of Dina, you will find a signpost to the left directing you to Rohtas Fort.

Trivia

The fort has 12 gates (4 are trap gates), 68 bastions, 1900 battlements and 9500 stairs.

دا هم وګورۍ

  • Rohtasgarh Fort
  • Old GT Road (Lahore to Multan)
  • Uch Sharif
  • RohtasFort.com

باندنۍ تړنې

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